Calculating machines, narrowly defined, are devices designed to add, subtract, multiply and divide through the motion of their parts, with the result represented by an array of digits. A slightly ...

A skilled operator, working with a desk calculator (an elaborate “adding machine”), might have completed the task in several years of steady, grueling labor. Bessie took twelve days to do the job.

The machines shown were of many types, ranging from the simpler hand adding machines (which can also be used by the skilled operator for multiplication and division) to the complex electrically ...

The machine,engravings ef which accompany this article, is capable of pcrforming the four fundamental operations of arithmetic—addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division being executed ...

In the early 20th century, William A. Morschhauser of New York City became the exclusive American distributor of the Millionaire calculating machine. He placed machines at several United States ...

Charles Babbage is widely recognized as a pioneer of the programable computer due to his ingenious designs for steam-driven calculating machines in the 19th century. But Babbage drew inspiration ...