In the 49-page ruling, Judge Gregory G. Katsas of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit, a Trump appointee, wrote that Judge Amy Berman Jackson of the Federal District Court in Washington had no jurisdiction to block the Trump administration’s efforts to lay off about 1,500 of the C.F.P.B.’s 1,700 workers.

The Trump administration on Friday reversed course and agreed to leave the Washington, D.C., police chief in control of the department, while Attorney General Pam Bondi, in a new memo, directed the District’s police to cooperate with federal immigration enforcement regardless of any city law.