AFM is particularly well-suited to working with soft materials in the field of nanomechanical measurements, owing to its piconewton force resolution and sub-nanometer vertical displacement accuracy.

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The study of biological systems varies from whole organisms, organs, and organoids, down to their building blocks of proteins and cells. At the lower end of the scale, atomic force microscope (AFM) ...

Conductive and photoconductive atomic force microscopy are variations of atomic force microscopy (AFM). Conductive AFM simply measures the electrical conductivity of materials while photoconductive ...

Atomic Force Microscopy-based SMFS is widely used due to its high force sensitivity and spatial resolution. In this technique, a biomolecule is attached between a surface and an AFM cantilever. As the ...

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a type of scanning probe microscopy that is used to see and measure surface topography, conduct force measurements or manipulate a sample’s surface. It can have nearly ...

For a long time, researchers contested the presence of microscopic pathogens suspected of causing various diseases in plants and animals. The invention of the electron microscope in 1933 made them ...