Urine is a highly saturated solution of extremely complicated composition. Its basic organic constituents are urea, uric acid and its salts, formed by the oxidation of purines. In that fluid, ...

Fractals are remarkable examples of self-similarity where a structure or dynamic pattern is repeated over multiple spatial or time scales. However, little is known about how fractal stimuli such as ...

Equilibrium self-assembly relies on the relaxation of disordered mixtures of building blocks towards an ordered ground state. The main drawback of this traditional approach lies in the kinetic traps ...