Figure 1. A closed-circuit cooler. Photos courtesy of Evapco. It’s a common question during the early design phase of large mechanical systems: Is open- or closed-loop cooling equipment better suited ...

FPGAs provide increased precision and performance to mitigate disturbances found in typical laser test beds. Taking high-precision measurements, such as those for molecular and atomic applications, ...

Due to their versatility, ease of design, and low cost, flyback converters have become one of the most widely used topologies in power electronics. Its structure derives from one of the three basic ...

Controlling hydraulic motion with precision involves understanding the fundamental difference between servo motors and hydraulic actuators. Electric motors generally respond linearly to control inputs ...

From adaptive brain stimulators to self-monitoring orthopedic implants, researchers are building intelligent medical devices that sense, decide, and treat, closing the loop between diagnosis and ...

Geothermal energy now stands out as a reliable, low-carbon solution in the transition to a balanced energy mix. While conventional geothermal systems rely on specific geological conditions, such as ...

An ecosystem-specific digital payment system called a "closed-loop wallet" enables consumers to make purchases solely from one brand, retailer, or service provider. Users can add money to their ...