For decades there have been five basic types of manufacturing processes. They are distinct. Great design engineers understand the nuances of these processes and tailor their designs accordingly. There ...

Historically, pharmaceutical products have been produced in a traditional ‘batch’ system, in which every operation is executed separately using a defined quantity of materials. In batch manufacturing ...

Download this article in .PDF format This file type includes high resolution graphics and schematics when applicable. It may be surprising to learn that many engineers with great talent and a depth of ...

ANSI/ISA-106.00.01, Procedure Automation for Continuous Process Operations, has been published by ISA. The standard sets forth mod­els, styles, strategies, philosophies, and life cycle for the ...

In the manufacture of biotherapeutic drugs, the goal is to maximize production while minimizing costs, even though achieving this goal may involve a difficult transition—specifically, a transition ...