Fluorescence is the process by which a photon is absorbed, and another of slightly lower energy, and therefore longer wavelength, is subsequently emitted. Under normal circumstances, the electrons of ...

Ever since a Dutch businessman peered into the microscopic world through his brass and glass contraption in the 1600s, microscopy has had a long, rich history of DIY innovation. This DIY fluorescence ...

Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) is frequently used for the investigation of mixing processes in internal engine combustion. Toluene is one of the main fluorescing compounds of commercial gasoline.