Difference equations, serving as the discrete analogue to differential equations, have long been a linchpin in the study of dynamic systems. These equations define sequences recursively, and their ...

Description: First order quasi-linear equations and their application to physical and social sciences; the Cauchy-Kovalevsky theorem; characteristics, classification, and canonical form of linear ...

This is a preview. Log in through your library . Abstract We consider a parametric family of integral equations of the first kind, which can be treated as index transformations and generalize ...

Some important points to revise from the chapter are: • An equation of the form ax + by + c = 0, where a, b and c are real numbers, such that a and b are not both zero, is called a linear equation in ...