This is a preview. Log in through your library . Abstract Kolmogorov introduced an informal calculus of problems in an attempt to provide a classical semantics for intuitionistic logic. This was later ...

The authors do not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organization that would benefit from this article, and have disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their ...

This is a preview. Log in through your library . Abstract First, we describe a psychological experiment in which the participants were asked to determine whether sentences of first-order logic were ...