Electronic Design

What’s the Difference Between NRZ, NRZI, and Manchester Encoding? (Download)

Non-return-to-zero (NRZ), non-return-to-zero-inverted (NRZI), return-to-zero (RZ), and Manchester are popular serial encoding mechanisms. Each has different characteristics that make it useful in ...
EDN

Don’t confuse PAM4 SER and BER

As we make the transition from NRZ (non-return to zero) to PAM4 it's important to distinguish BER (bit error ratio) from SER (symbol error ratio). It sounds simple ...
EDN

Scope options decode ENET, NRZ, Manchester protocols

Teledyne LeCroy has released several software options for its range of oscilloscopes that engineers can use to decode 10BaseT and 100BaseTX Ethernet signals, as well as signals that employ Manchester ...
Electronic Design

What’s the Difference Between NRZ and PAM?

PAM-4, which could be a catalyst for reaching 400-Gb/s Ethernet, will also likely find homes in high-speed serial interfaces such as FibreChannel. Pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) is a way to pack ...