When the economy looks uncertain, nonessential spending goes out the window. People begin to focus more on their necessary monthly bills in order to shore up finances and prepare for the unexpected.

The modeling of buyer behavior by stochastic brand choice models has typically involved the use of a single model to represent the behavior of all consumers though consumer heterogeneity is recognized ...

Retailers best serve customers when they can identify their needs and proactively meet them. That’s why accurately predicting consumer behavior is so important. It might not always be easy — Walmart’s ...

People today place a high value on their choices, and as a result, the era of the submissive consumer has come to an end. Smart companies recognize that in recent years, their customers have shifted ...

In this paper we will show that upper semicontinuity of the indirect utility function implies the upper semicontinuity of the direct utility function. By strengthening the assumptions, one can also ...