IC references are popular with circuit designers because they are accurate and exhibit low drift. Some of my future columns will cover the three types of IC references: buried zener, bandgap, and XFET ...

Determine the range of values of Vi that will maintain the Zener diode of the figure above in the “on” state. To solve for Vi(max), we use the formula But, since IR(max) is not yet known, we have to ...

There are times when you need to bias a low-current load and simply didn’t want to add another voltage regulator, or where you need a reasonable level of voltage accuracy, so a simple voltage divider ...

In the realm of modern electronics, semiconductor diodes have emerged as fundamental components with diverse applications. One of their pivotal roles lies in the fields of rectification and voltage ...