Learn how to implement a classic substitution cipher in C! This step-by-step tutorial walks you through encoding and decoding messages by replacing each letter with another according to a fixed key. A ...

Curious how the Caesar Cipher works? This Python tutorial breaks it down in a simple, beginner-friendly way. Learn how to encode and decode messages using one of the oldest and most famous encryption ...

The Voynich manuscript—a mysterious medieval book that has defied translation for centuries—may have been created using a special code developed with the help of cards and dice, a new study suggests.

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During the Cold War, numbers stations became prolific as high-security, low-risk spy tools to send secret messages to operatives in the field. However, as early as World War I, espionage agencies were ...

The Voynich manuscript — often called the most mysterious manuscript in the world — has eluded attempts to understand its origin, nature, and purpose for centuries. Its text is made up of a strange ...

A match is played by two teams, each with a maximum of eleven players; one must be the goalkeeper. A match may not start or continue if either team has fewer than seven players. If a team has fewer ...

The year was 1637, and Georg Baresch, an alchemist and renowned collector of antiquities based in Prague, had a baffling mystery on his hands. For years now, he had been in possession of a most ...

A 32-round symmetric Feistel structure A purely logical round function using AND, XOR, and fixed rotations S-box-free design for compact hardware realization On-the-fly round-key generation using an ...

Encrypts and decrypts text messages using shift or substitution keys. Includes test suites for verifying correctness. Command-line interface for interactive use.