Bankruptcy prediction has traditionally relied on statistical approaches such as Altman’s Z-score, which use financial ratios ...

This is a preview. Log in through your library . Abstract Deep Treatment Learning (deepTL), a robust yet efficient deep learningbased semiparametric regression approach, is proposed to adjust the ...

Deep neural networks (DNNs), the machine learning algorithms underpinning the functioning of large language models (LLMs) and other artificial intelligence (AI) models, learn to make accurate ...