Bilevel optimisation represents a class of hierarchical decision-making processes where two interrelated optimisation problems are solved sequentially. In such problems, the upper-level (or leader) ...

Ship air emissions have become one of the major concerns of the maritime industry, and therefore various regulations and policies have been issued to manage air emission from ships. Although the rules ...

Bilevel optimisation is a hierarchical framework involving two interdependent decision-making problems, where the solution of the lower-level problem constrains and influences the upper-level ...

Recently, professors Risheng Liu from Dalian University of Technology and Zhouchen Lin from Peking University collaborated on an opinion article published in the National Science Review (NSR). Their ...