The original version of this story appeared in Quanta Magazine. Imagine a town with two widget merchants. Customers prefer cheaper widgets, so the merchants must compete to set the lowest price.

All of modern mathematics is built on the foundation of set theory, the study of how to organize abstract collections of objects. But in general, research mathematicians don’t need to think about it ...

Abstract: This article designs a self-triggered adaptive dynamic programming (STADP) algorithm combined with the model predictive control (MPC) mechanism to address the approximate optimal control of ...

Abstract: To improve the stability and adaptive ability of underwater robots in dynamic environments, this paper proposes a non-singular terminal sliding mode control method (NTSMC) combining ...